How Individual Employee s Behavior At Work Might Be...

P1.3: Discussing how individual employee’s behavior at work might be influenced by different factors of GSK Around is a convinced way persons work in a precise circumstances. Not at all dualistic individuals act in comparable habits. There are personalities who discovery it problematic to holder pressure although present are positive individuals who have the capability to face sudden conditions with a smile. Personal: Employees possibly will practice a little spit and skill on certain of their abilities and capabilities. Instructions to period it awake seeming in their presentation evaluation time subsequently time with little to no development to state of. The GSK employees know they actually need them to advance. In reflects in their†¦show more content†¦Leaders and employees are flattering ever more conscious of their establishment’s environmental influences. Task-2: P2.1: Comparing the effectiveness of the different leadership styles at GSK with any other organization. Leadership styles make sure major effects not only in minor dealings but also in the world s largest businesses. These elegances have emotional impact one and all from top management to the up-to-date institution confine. They generate the business culture that inspirations the organization and its recital. Some leadership styles are use in GSK which are Democratic: In democratic leadership, this style is typically well-thought-out the finest decision for most businesses. The conflicting of oppressive leadership, this style highlights that management proposals guidance to its teams and subdivisions while compliant effort from distinct operate memberships. In GSK is fully controlled by democratic leadership because when GSK prepare any kind of vaccines or medicines they make up a decision by seeking with staffs. Autocratic: In autocratic style visibly states the separation amongst leaders and personnel. Autocratic leaders create judgments with slight or no participation from staffs. Sometime GSK use this leadership when it doesn’t find any approaches from employees. Authoritarian: This type of leader performances by way of a father figure. Authoritarian leader makes decision but may consult. This is the need to support staff as like GSKShow MoreRelatedAnalyze How Theories Of Motivation And Human Behavior Impact1626 Words   |  7 Pages Analyze how theories of motivation and human behavior impact strategies of change management Behavioral management theory was developed in response to the need to account for employee behavior and motivation. The shift moved management from a production orientation (classical leadership theory) to a leadership style focused on the workers human need for work- related satisfaction and good working conditions before theorists started writing about employee satisfaction and good working conditionsRead MoreQuestions On Work Motivation And Attitude1595 Words   |  7 PagesMullen-RhoadsRIOP8400-8-5: Work Motivation and Attitude Internal thoughts or feelings provide motivation for people to behave in a certain manner (Spector, 2012). In the work environment, attitudes can indicate an employee’s feelings towards coworkers, superiors, and position within the organization or a desire to realize a goal (Rodell, 2013; Spector, 2012). Although attitudes are internal, they can affect how an individual behaves. Therefore, behavior, whether good or bad, is often the way in which an employee respondsRead MoreMotivational Theories Of A Motivational Theory885 Words   |  4 Pagesgoal-oriented behaviors in humans. There are many motivational theories in leadership but I will only focus on three of them which are the Motivation Theory, McClelland’s Theory of Needs, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Two Factor Theory). Being a motivational leader means getting your employees to move with a desire for improvement and self-accomplishment. The Motivation Theory breaks down into internal or intrinsic motivation and also external or extrinsic motivation. Most individuals are movedRead MoreThe Best Way to Increase Work Motivation for an Organisation Is Through Financial Rewards. Discuss.1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthe work motivation of an organization and also whether or not this system of reward can cause an increase in the levels of work motivation already present in the organization. It furthermore aims to discuss weather Financial Rewards are the best way to increase the work motivation present. Although the essay shall primary be focused on Financial Rewards and Work Motivation, other factors that may have an effect on work motivation shall be discussed. For this purpose the understanding of work motivationRead MoreTraditional Methods of Performance Appraisal1717 Words   |  7 Pagesmethod of evaluating the behaviour of employees in the work spot, normally both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of job perfor mance. Performance here refers to the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that make up an individual’s job. It indicates how well an individual is fulfilling the job demands. The purpose of performance appraisal is to update the worker on his progress, gauge his behavior and performance, praise good work, and note opportunities for improvement. A poorly conductedRead MoreSupervision And Motivation Go Hand1219 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow the theories of motivation to establish themselves as productive supervisors in human services. The supervisor has to recognize the different supervisory roles and apply them in the right situations. I will be discussing the important elements concerning the supervisory process and how they are influenced by the motivation theories. And I will discuss different motivational theories that correlate motivation and supervision. Supervisor roles The position of a supervisor is to have skills and knowledgeRead MoreThe Omnipotent View of Management1331 Words   |  6 Pagesas being influenced by factors outside the control of managers: economy, customers, governmental policies, competitors’ actions, the state of the particular industry, the control of proprietary technology, and decisions made by the previous manager in the organization. Reality suggests a synthesis. In reality, managers are neither helpless nor all powerful. Internal and external constraints that restrict a manager’s decision options exist within every organization. Just as individuals have a personalityRead MorePositive Oral Feedback Is Essential Factor For The Employees Motivation1403 Words   |  6 Pagesan essential factor for the employees’ motivation. The employees made clear that they are in need of more positive oral feedback. The managers are aware of the lack of oral feedback, but not to what extent the employees are longing for. The managers need to give the employees feedback so they understand how important they and their work are for the organization. Some employees need to be seen and heard more frequently than others. It is important that the managers see all individuals and appreciateRead MoreA Literature Review On Information Security Compliance Behavior2195 Words   |  9 PagesPART 1 A Literature review on information security compliance behavior Introduction Information plays a significant role in ensuring an organization s business continuity, minimize business risk, and maximize return on investments and business opportunities. While the information is critical to organizations, it is also vulnerable to a range of threats from both inside and outside of organizations. Those security threats may bring organizations potential losses concerning financial, reputationRead MoreIn This Reflection For Management 3000 With Marcus A. Valenzuela’S1528 Words   |  7 PagesIn this reflection for management 3000 with Marcus A. Valenzuela’s class, I have attempted conflicts that are being few things that happen usually between individuals and organizations. However, there are different ways to handle conflicts which a few are more effective than others. Before I justify the two different ways, it is crucial to grasp what conflict is. Conflict is whenever disagreements exist in a very scenario over problems with substance or emotion al antagonisms produce frictions people

How Does The Power Of Persuasion - 3016 Words

For the longest time, people have been studying and testing the power of persuasion. For the average American, it is seen everywhere: on television commercials, public advertisements, spokespeople in the street, daily emails, on the train - you name it, and some form of persuasion is there. But what makes a person really want to buy whatever is trying to be sold? Social influence (or peer influence) could very well be at the top of the list. A particular type of influence that individuals tend to often fall under is conformity (or normative influence), a subcategory of social influence. Many of the things that we have developed either complete reluctance to or like towards most likely started from a persuasion mechanism of some sort. These mechanisms can range from a good book review from a classmate to a horrible online rating. Simple comments either negative or positive from a peer can quite possibly make or break our decisions in the consumer world. How many times have we been tal ked out of buying, trying, or doing something? Or maybe talked into doing one of those three things? Peer influence (or social influence) is far more powerful than we realize. The word peers could mean anyone such as friends, parents, teachers, the guy advertising an item on your television, spokesmen, or even a famous celebrity. These examples mentioned as peers all have the capabilities of making an individual conform to, or think a different opinion other than their own. PersuasionShow MoreRelatedPower And Persuasion : How Does An Individual Obtain Power? Essay2234 Words   |  9 PagesPower and persuasion are among the most important aspects that create a leader. However, how does an individual obtain power, and ultimately the power to persuade others? Where does a person start? Some individuals believe that leaders are born, not made (Bateman Snell, 2013). While others believe that a leader can be made, into the person they desire to be. There are endless possibilities to co nsider. However, this writer will be focusing more on managerial roles and will be discussing the variousRead MoreThe Potential Of Persuasion By Phaedrus And Life Of Demosthenes1585 Words   |  7 PagesBui Ngo Thanh Truc (Tessa) The Potential of Persuasion in Phaedrus and Life of Demosthenes Persuasion is an essential skill for rhetoricians. Since all a rhetorician needs is not the truth but his own opinion, persuasion is necessary to address the assembly. While persuasion could be used to lead a city to making the right decisions and gaining glory, the power of persuasion could be also abused or used by the wrong person. Demosthenes uses his rhetorical skills to push Athens away from its courseRead MoreHow Does Persuasion Used Throughout History? Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesrange from power, control, rewards, motivation, and persuasion. Our focus here is the use of persuasion. Persuasion, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary (2016), is the act of causing people to do or believe something (pg. 1). This literature review considers the use of persuasion in the workplace by responding to the following questions. 1. How has persuasion been used throughout history? 2. Why do people fail to implement change in this changing world? 3. How have persuasion campaigns implementedRead MoreThe concept of public relations varies amongst scholars with different perspectives, and it900 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative connotation in their meaning. In this paper, we will refer to the concepts of persuasion, as the process of convincing an audience to believe; power, as a strength or ability to act effectively and superior to others; and resources, as a source of aid or supply. With this in mind, the focus of this entry is to explain how the concepts of persuasion, power and resources facilitate dialogue, and similarly, how they are related to Grunig’s symmetrical communication model, as characteristics thatRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of `` The Necessary Art Of Persuasion ``750 Words   |  3 PagesThe Necessary Art of Persuasion, the author, Jay A. Conger, attempts to illustrate to the readers that one must learn and become fluid in the art of persuasion in the business environment. I believe this argument in favor of persuasion is relative now more then ever. In the past persuasion has had a place in sales and marketing. Attempting to use persuasive techniques in other areas of business could have been deemed as devious or manipulative. However, certain aspects of how we do business and conductRead MorePresidential Powers: A Comparsion of Predencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama1042 Words   |  5 Pagespresident have powers that other members of the government do not. Presidential power can be defined in numerous ways. Political scientists Richard Neustadt and William Howell give different views on what is presidential power. These polarized views of presidential powers can be used to compare and contrast the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama. Richard Neustadt stated in his book Presidential Power that â€Å"Presidential power is the power to persuade.†(Neustadt, pg.11) Persuasion and bargainingRead MoreThe Power of Persuasion1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Persuasion Thesis Statement: To inform my audience about the science and the power of persuasion. Introduction I. â€Å"If you would persuade, you must appeal to interest rather than intellect.† These are wise words spoken by Benjamin Franklin, whom we all know for his roles in American History as a writer, scientist and politician. II. In this quote, Benjamin Franklin speaks of how to persuade. But why would it be important to know how to persuade? III. I always have to askRead MorePersuasion Is Morally Justified? Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasion and force are the means used to shape a just society since they are the ways of getting people, individually or collectively, to accept an idea or perform an action. A just society, or rather one where justice prevails, is given great consideration and thought to ensure that all human beings get to live a happy and fulfilled life. To clarify, persuasion is the method in which someone is requested or asked to consider performing an action or accepting an idea using their personal reasoningRead MoreThe Power to Persuade Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed model of presidential power, Richard Neustadt states that the power of the president lies in the power to persuade. According to Neustadt, the key to presidential success and influence is persuasion. Although some may view the president as a powerful authority figure, the checks and balances established by the founders m akes the president’s skills of persuasion crucial. The president’s accumulation of personal power can make up for his lack of institutional powers. The president must actRead MoreThe Importance Of Persuasion1249 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough often unresisted and unintentional, rhetoric and persuasion still inundate and influence contemporary society. Persuasion can be evident in numerous forms, like television, radio, art, speeches, and daily conversations. Also, Aristotle originally proclaimed that persuasion is an essential characteristic of productive leaders. Therefore, the use of rhetoric is necessary for people of power because â€Å"Rhetoric is the art of influence, friendship, and eloquence, of ready wit and irrefutable logic†

ERP System Management

Question: Discuss about the ERP System Management. Answer: Introduction In the article Enterprise Information systems project implementation: A case study of ERP in Rolls- Royce by Yahaya Yusuf, A. Gunasekaran, Mark S. Abthorpe identification of the implementation of ERP in large corporations for data processing and other back office functions has been made. The article presented the impact of ERP application that is selected by the organization Rolls- Royce plc. The article also presented the implementation of project by highlighting the different phases and problems on cultural, business and technical as well as certain risks involved in the ERP application (Yusuf, Gunasekaran and Abthorpe 2004). Summary Yahaya Yusuf, A. Gunasekaran, Mark S. Abthorpe argues that the modern marketplace require business enterprises to internationalize their business operations. The current competitive market demands all the corporate to be responsive and have greater flexibility with respect to price, quality and process of products and services. The evolution of numerous technologies on information like resources of internet, electronic data interchange and World Wide Web simplifies the process of integrated supply chain. This facility helps in attainment the requirements of modern economic and market requirements for recognizing and measuring different business information. The purpose of the journal is to provide the knowledge about implementation of technological systems like ERP, which is used by Rolls- Royce (Yusuf, Gunasekaran and Abthorpe 2004). Critique It has been identified that the application of ERP software has many advantages and benefits with respect to the integrated information, efficiency, reduced costs, better customer service and secured information. Some companies initially implemented the application in the year 1990 while in the recent scenario almost all the companies are implementing the system of ERP spending almost $10 Billion each year. There have been many vendor companies offering ERP installation services to the business entities and the largest among them was reportedly SAP AG with approximate revenue of $5 Billion in the year 1998. It has been noted that many companies successfully implemented the ERP system and the most common business software is application of SAP. Through this application, the companies successfully linked different areas of business like manufacture process, order management, human resources, financial system, and administration system and customer service. It has been observed that man y companies like Cisco and Kodak have incurred benefits from the application of ERP (Yusuf, Gunasekaran and Abthorpe 2004). Before using the ERP system Rolls Royce was using more than 1500 systems, which were expensive and difficult to operate, maintain and develop. There was a problem to assess the accurate results by using the manual integrated system that was used to record and measure various business functions. Hence, in the year 1996 the company outsourced its information technology department to EDS and implemented the application of ERP software. Other than several benefits, the company also faced some challenges and problems with the implication of ERP. There were some cultural problems with respect to the users because it requires special skills to operate the system of ERP. Hence, the company had to arrange training sessions for more than 10,000 people. Other problems related to business and technology to get smooth, accurate and successful results on data recognition (Yusuf, Gunasekaran and Abthorpe 2004). Introduction In the article of Prepare to Demolish Application Silos, A case for business process management federation by Russell Keziere, universal business object models like master data management and metadata resource has been identified. The article aims to present the clear and transparent understanding on authoritative governing policies to present and operate organizational business processes. The article also states the understanding on high value customer in one line of business and suspicious activity in other line as well as evaluation of information technology in the business operations. The relationship between the database technology between the organization and its clients was evaluated by using trial and error approach to understand the customer needs. In this context, the implementation of enterprise application, enterprise systems, Enterprise resource planning has been conducted by various organizations for statistical data and analysis (Keziere 2009). Summary The article reflected several information technologies like Business Process Management for the continuous improvement of different business operations like Six Sigma. BPM is a systematic approach that helps the organizations business operation more effectively, efficiently and transparently with the change in economic environment. The BPM approach is followed to analyze the gap between the objective goals of the enterprise and the processes undertaken to accomplish the same. Russell Keziere argued that the technology of Business Process management helps the organizations to develop their business activities with respect to the manufacturing processes, data recognition, financial information and customer services. In the globalization era and advancement of information technology, different organizational functions have become simpler, systematic and transparent. Introduction of various technical systems have considerably improved and standardized the business operation system of all the private and public sectors. It also regulates the business framework to produce the best quality products and services with six sigma processes. Six sigma is an approach to produce the products with improved quality to near perfect, which was introduced by an engineer of Motorola Bill Smith in the year 1986 (Keziere 2009). Critique In the present business industry, advancement of information technology has introduces advantages in operating each business functions. Through the technological systems, the gap between companies and society has experienced phenomenal decrease. The article reflected the use of technologies like BPM, ERP and ES to develop the functions related to clients service and other stakeholders service. Payment of dividend and interests to the investors by electronic transfer has become convenient and accurate. Additionally, the payment of duties and taxed towards government has also become flexible through the sources of online payment system. However, there are certain limitations in the article for the technological systems of Business Process Management in context to the availability of the resources and specialized personnel to process the system. Apart from that, there are some companies in the locations where the reach of internet network is not suffice so these companies are not able t o facilitate the advanced technological systems (Keziere 2009). Introduction The journal on Enterprise Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends by Li Da Xu, Senior member, IEEE, reflects exceptional growth in the use of enterprise systems. Enterprise systems are software application package on large scale to support the processes of business, flow of information, recognition and analysis of data in a company. The technologies comprise of process on business management, application on enterprise integration, service oriented architecture, enterprise resource planning and other systems. These applications are undertaken by the organizations to develop the performance of business operations. Use of these technical software helps in preparing information on finance, production budget, sales budget, to enhance the business processes. Many organizations use accounting software Like SAP to recognize and prepare financial statements in simpler, organized and accurate manner (Da Xu 2011). Summary The journal presented the overview of different techniques and their relationship for the business functions. It stated the usefulness of Enterprise System is a system that is used by the organizations to recognize and share business information from single application to all the functional areas. An enterprise has different functional areas like production department, packaging department, department of sales and marketing, department of human resource and finance department that are interlinked to each other. Hence, without a proper functional integrated system it becomes chaotic and difficult to share the information relevant to achieve the organizational objectives. Therefore, the companies to develop the functions of business operations have implemented Enterprise System that serves best business practices. Several software applications serve specific purpose specially designed and customized as per the different sectors of the organizations (Da Xu 2011). Other software that organizations incorporate to function the business operations is Business Process Reengineering (BPR), which is a process to analyze and redesign the workflows in the organization to optimize the business activities and mechanize non-value added jobs. The article presented the overview and use of Entire Resource Planning (ERP) to develop the knowledge for asset management functions. It assists the entities to evaluate the financial position of the organization more effectively and accurately. Assets are the resources of business organization that are required to run the business activities. There are current assets required to finance the companys short-term obligations and Non-current assets to operate the business production system. Hence, it is difficult to manage the recognition and measurement of asset values to evaluate the financial position of companies. Therefore, ERP system supports the organization to develop the asset management for an effective and tr ansparent view (Da Xu 2011). Critique Moreover, the article by Li Da Xu, indentified different business software to support the business operations but there are certain disadvantages that has not been reflected in the article. Using information technological software develops and optimizes the business process but also provide various risks. Some of the software incurs high cost of application that is difficult to afford by many companies. It also includes difficulty in operating the software, as initially it is time consuming as well as requires special skills and competence to work using the technological software (Da Xu 2011). Moreover, the article did not present the critical issues on application of technical software with respect to the change management because it is difficult to adopt the technological change and manage the internal system. Introduction In the article A Successful Enterprise System Re- implementation Against All Odds- A Multisourcing case study by Per Svejvig it has been identified that the successful implementation of enterprise system is challenging. The article presented number of reasons for unsuccessful implementation of different technical systems in many organizations. Lack of support of top management, lack of support to change the system, difficulties in understanding the concepts and perspective are some common reasons that organizations face while implementing technical systems. The journal covered the theories on two complimentary perspectives on the implementation of Enterprise Systems that represents managerial and technical understanding as well as social study. The article also reflected the research methodology and a case study of SCANDI organization to evaluate the unsuccessful reasons and their viability on implementation of Enterprise Systems (Svejvig 2011). Summary It has been discussed that the Enterprise System has been a foremost trend in all the private and public sector companies. However, many organizations have successfully implemented the system while some of the organization could not implement it successfully due to vital reasons. Due to the complexity on using the systems that involves large number of standardized data, stakeholders and wide integrated enterprise. Apart from that, there are two complementary perspectives that make it difficult to successful implementation of Enterprise Systems. Since the systems is technical it requires efficient and knowledgeable management record and store the data. It is also important to operate the systems by applying accurate methods in order to avoid errors and mistakes (Svejvig 2011). Critique Problem with the technical system is the social study of the enterprise system. In order to apply the concept of business reengineering program for best business practices, the organizational internal system should be structured accordingly. The article stated a case of the company SCANDI that has more than 10,000 employees, deals in high-tech services. The enterprise used the technical systems in operational and business support system that reduces its overall cost structure and improved the business functions. Hence, it has been observed that the article reflected the effectiveness and problems on implementation of technological systems (Svejvig 2011). In the present economic globalization, advancement of technology plays a significant role in the operations of business entities for the integration of suppliers, partners and customers. In this regard, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a system that assists to integrate the essential sources of business organizations. Most of the large business organizations both private and public sectors are following the trend of technical systems like Enterprise Systems (ES) and ERP to support the processes of business, flow of information, reporting and data analytics (Delorme et al. 2015). However, the article did not explain the benefits with respect to the systematic operational function of business that assist the organizations in generating higher revenues. Introduction The purpose of this journal on Expectation and reality in ERP implementation: consultant and solution provider perspective by Petri Helo, Pornthep Anussornnitisarn and Kongkiti Phusavat, is to identify the gap between expectations and materiality on the implementation of ERP. The article also identified the requirements of Information Technology in future. The arguments have been presented by research methodology, findings and limitations of the impact of technological systems between consultants and software merchants. Limitations on using the technical systems for organizations and users because of the complexities also identified in the article (Helo, Anussornnitisarn and Phusavat 2008). Summary As the present era is more competitive, the importance and need of information system for organizations are constantly rising. Information system has become a primary tool for enterprises to have systematic records of different business operation. ERP has been one of the most common and essential technical system that is used by almost all the organizations. Survey results that were carried on between the consultants and vendors, emphasized on the challenges of using the ERP systems. One of the major challenges identified was the complexities and lack of understanding the systems by the management. Large number of standardized data, participation of skill personnel, and recognition of correct and updated data were some of the challenges that many companies face while using the systems. Successful implementation of ERP requires proper planning with respect to the change management as well as the aspects of information technology. Transformation of data should be done carefully to avoi d the errors or mistakes because each system is linked with the other to obtain the end results (Helo, Anussornnitisarn and Phusavat 2008). Critrique Along with the limitations on the implication of ERP, the gap between expectations and reality has also been evaluated. Survey results stated that the vendors of software and consultants are knowledgeable on the implication of several information systems. However, the limitations of understanding are on the part of management and personnel for standardization of the data analytics and business information. ERP is considered to be one of the common application system used by the organizations despite of having some significant limitations and challenges. Therefore, it is essential to arrange proper training for the optimum use and implication of Enterprise Resource Planning system (Helo, Anussornnitisarn and Phusavat 2008). However, the articles have other limitations on using the technical software with respect to the complexities of ERP system and standardized package to incorporate the ERP system in the large organization. Apart from that, the companies having the ERP and ES systems are required competent professionals to operate the system (Delorme et al. 2015). It reflects effective, efficient, transparent and accurate end results to the users that help in taking better business decisions. Like any other systems, the technical software also has certain complications that creates barrier for optimum utilization. Moreover, the successful implication of ERP system or Enterprise system or BRP depends on the management understanding and social study to over the challenges. Reference List: Da Xu, L., 2011. Enterprise systems: state-of-the-art and future trends.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,7(4), pp.630-640. Delorme, A., Miyakoshi, M., Jung, T.P. and Makeig, S., 2015. Grand average ERP-image plotting and statistics: A method for comparing variability in event-related single-trial EEG activities across subjects and conditions.Journal of neuroscience methods,250, pp.3-6. Helo, P., Anussornnitisarn, P. and Phusavat, K., 2008. Expectation and reality in ERP implementation: consultant and solution provider perspective.Industrial Management Data Systems,108(8), pp.1045-1059. Keziere, R., 2009. Prepare to demolish application silos.Information management,19(2), pp.22-26. Svejvig, P., 2011. A Successful Enterprise System Re-Implementation Against All Odds-A Multisourcing Case Study.Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research,13(4), pp.3-31. Yusuf, Y., Gunasekaran, A. and Abthorpe, M.S., 2004. Enterprise information systems project implementation:: A case study of ERP in Rolls-Royce.International Journal of Production Economics,87(3), pp.251-266.

The Signifying Monkey Essay Example For Students

The Signifying Monkey Essay A Theory of African?American Literary Criticism30 April 03English 311Henry Louis Gates, Jr. in The Signifying Monkey attempts to address both the lack of literary theory directed toward African?American literature and the Anglo? literary theories that are applied to African?American literature. He speaks of the relationship between both African and African?American speech and literature. Essentially, Gates contends that the voice of the black individual that is manifested in black literature should speak for itself and that the literary theory applied to black literature should be generated from within the black tradition itself, autonomously (xx). Namely, the purpose of devising such a theory is to explicate black works through black, not European, eyes. The intent, Gates states, is to magnify, not mystify the meanings which may not be evident to those who are alien to certain meanings or inferences. We will write a custom essay on The Signifying Monkey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I once heard a comedian state something to effect that when slaves are portrayed in films or on television, they are made to sound ignorant and use a vernacular made popular mainly by its presentation in media. In all actuality, this comedian goes on to say, when blacks first came to this country, they spoke no English. The language that is portrayed in the media was actually English that was learned from ignorant ass slave owners. Seemingly, this can be applied to Gates when he speaks of the black tradition as being double?voiced. Novelists such as Ralph Ellison or Ishmael Reed are writing through a voice that is both black and white because, as Gates states, many black writers have learned to write from reading mainly traditional Western literature. Gates contends that his theory is not to applied only to black works because although he states that repetition and revision are fundamental to black artistic forms and that he focuses mainly on Signifyin(g) because of its fundamentalism. His implicit premise is that all works, whether motivated or unmotivated, Signify upon other works. Motivated signification, according to Gates, is manifested through such techniques as parody while unmotivated signification is manifest through such techniques as patiche. Neither, Gates asserts, is devoid of intent. Alice Walkers The Color Purple signifies Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God through its covert and overt methods of narration. Gates, himself, almost seems to signify post?structuralism, citing Saussures concept of the signifier and the signified.Essentially, Gates strives to assert that his theory is pertinent and direly needed to assess namely black literature but other literature as well because his theory has the capabilities of being applied to a plethora of works because they all, in some way or another, signify upon another text.